In the 1950s, British scientists discovered the electroluminescence of the substance and low levels of infrared radiation during the semiconductor gallium arsenide experiment. This discovery led to the birth of modern light-emitting diodes . In 1962, the first visible LED was developed by General Electric's Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, which was continuously improved. The first commercial red LED was packaged in the 1960s with gallium arsenide phosphide. In the mid-1970s, green LEDs were produced using gallium phosphide. The first blue LED appeared in the 1990s with gallium nitride. Subsequent to 1998, the integration of red, green and blue LEDs or phosphor -coated blue LEDs produced white LEDs , a promising and efficient conventional lighting technology. While striving to develop ultra-high brightness white LEDs, researchers are still working to improve the luminous efficiency of LEDs. At present, the commercial LED has reached 130 lumens/watt, and the LED lighting technology has fully achieved the level of practicality and industrialization, and has been widely used.
LED light source performance advantages
(1) High luminous efficiency After several decades of technical improvement, LED has greatly improved its luminous efficiency. The incandescent lamp, tungsten halogen lighting effect is 12~24lm/W, fluorescent lamp 50~70lm/W, sodium lamp 90~140lm/W, most of the power consumption becomes heat loss. The LED light effect can be improved to reach 90~200lm/W, and its light has good monochromaticity and narrow spectrum. It can directly emit colored visible light without filtering. At present, countries all over the world are stepping up research on improving LED light efficiency, and their luminous efficiency will be greatly improved in the near future.
(2) Energy-saving effect LED single-tube power 0.03~0.06W, DC drive, single-tube drive voltage 1.5~3.5V, current 15~18mA, fast response, high-frequency operation. In the case of the same lighting effect, the power consumption is one-eighth of that of an incandescent bulb and one-half of a fluorescent tube. Japan estimates that the replacement of half of Japan's incandescent and fluorescent lamps with LEDs that are twice as efficient as fluorescent lamps can save up to 6 billion liters of crude oil per year. As for the bridge guardrail lamp , the same effect of a fluorescent lamp is more than 40 watts, and the power of each LED is only 8W, and it can be changed in color.
(3) Stable and reliable, long life The use of electronic light field radiation, light filaments are easy to burn, thermal deposition, light attenuation and other shortcomings. The LED lamp is small in size, light in weight and encapsulated in epoxy resin, and can withstand high-strength mechanical shock and vibration, and is not easily broken. The average life expectancy is 100,000 hours. The service life of LED lamps can reach 5~10 years, which can greatly reduce the maintenance cost of lamps and avoid the pain of frequent lamp replacement.
(4) Intrinsically safe and excellent performance LED adopts DC low voltage power supply (typical value: 3.2V forward voltage), low heat generation, no heat radiation, cold light source, can be safely resisted; can accurately control light type and illumination angle, light Soft color, no glare; no mercury, sodium and other substances that may be harmful to health. The built-in micro-processing system can control the intensity of illumination and adjust the way of illumination to achieve a combination of light and art.
(5) Conducive to environmental protection LED is an all-solid illuminant, which is resistant to shock and impact, is not easily broken, and can be recycled. It does not contain elements harmful to the environment such as mercury and sodium. The light source is small in size and can be combined at will. It is easy to develop into a light, thin and short lighting product, and is also easy to install and maintain. Of course, energy saving is the most important reason for us to consider the use of LED light sources. Maybe LED light sources are more expensive than traditional light sources, but we can recover the investment of light sources with energy saving for one year, so as to obtain several times of energy saving net income every year for 4~9 years. .
Analysis of the application status of LED explosion-proof lamps in petrochemical industry
The chemical industries such as petroleum and petrochemical are the basic industries that are related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. The safety and reliability of lighting equipment plays a very important role in safeguarding its production and development. Since the production and operation sites are mostly flammable and explosive hazardous areas, this determines the unique requirements for lighting products. LED lighting fixtures are mainly used in the following areas:
1. Petrochemical plant area
Mainly for outdoor or indoor equipment such as towers, tanks, pipelines, etc. The local lighting area is instrumentation or pedestrian passage. The height of the lamps is generally 2-4 meters, and the illumination is generally required to be around 20 LUX. Because most of the area is Zone 1 or Zone 0, the explosion-proof performance requirements of the lamps are extremely strict. The basic requirements are above the explosion-proof grade, mostly for outdoor areas. The lamps are required to have good waterproof and corrosion resistance, and most of the areas are several meters or even High-altitude areas of 100 meters, high temperature and high pressure, and the replacement and maintenance of lamps are extremely difficult. Before the appearance of LED lamps, the low-pressure self-ballasted mercury lamps or the increased-enhanced explosion-proof fluorescent lamps used by enterprises have low explosion-proof grade, low waterproof performance and low light efficiency, especially the short life of the light source, poor safety and frequent replacement. The large amount of maintenance causes many high-altitude operations, and there are accidents such as electric shock and falling from high altitude, so there are major safety hazards. The intrinsic safety and long life of LED luminaires have completely solved this problem. The safety requirements of the industry determine the application potential of LED luminaires.
2, pump room and other indoor equipment areas
Mainly for indoor equipment such as pumps, the lighting area is equipment and instruments, etc. The height of the lamps is generally 4-6 meters, and the illumination requirement is about 30 LUX. Because most of the area 1 or even 0 area, the explosion-proof and waterproof performance requirements of the lamps are also very strict, and the illumination of the facilities is a lot of dead angles. The previous lighting fixtures are bulky and complicated to install, resulting in uneven illumination and glare. The small size and natural white light of the LED luminaire make installation and maintenance easy, and the lighting place is concise and comfortable.
3, daily maintenance and emergency lighting
Mainly for pipelines, equipment inspections, emergency emergencies, etc., which require mobile explosion-proof LED lamps. Previously used halogen battery bulbs as light source for dry battery portable lamps, they not only have low explosion-proof performance, short lamp life, large dry battery consumption, low brightness, and short working time. LED explosion-proof flashlights and LED explosion-proof searchlights have become the new favorite of petrochemical workers with their high brightness, long working hours and maintenance-free, and have gradually eliminated those traditional emergency lights.
Comparative analysis of practical effects of LED products in enterprises:
The following is a test and analysis of the use of 19WLED explosion-proof lamps produced by a certain company in a pipeline corridor installation of a petrochemical enterprise:
Installation height is 3.6 meters, three different light source typical lamps: 125W self-ballasted mercury lamp, 2*20W fluorescent lamp, 19W LED lamp. The test comparison data is: illuminance and power consumption illuminance comparison data within a valid 4 m diameter range
From the above two sets of data, LED lamps have great advantages in the petrochemical industry, which is only from the perspective of illumination and energy saving. If you count the safety benefits and social benefits of using LED lamps,
LED lamps have a good prospect for development and application.
Analysis of factors that hinder the full application of LED lamps in the petrochemical industry
1. Technical issues
The power of the former mature single LED light source product is only 5W. The design of LED high-power lighting fixtures usually adopts two methods. One is to use hundreds of LED combinations, the power supply and circuit design are very complicated; the other is Multi-chip recombination, resulting in heat dissipation problems leading to light decay too fast; no matter which kind of problem will greatly shorten the theoretical life of LED.
2, the cost problem
Although the cost of LED is decreasing year by year, the same light effect is several times or even more than ten times more expensive than traditional light sources. For the national petrochemical industry, the national assessment standard is the annual output value and profit. No matter which leader does not ignore his promotion channel. Therefore, the excessive one-time investment brought by the high price of LED lamps is an important factor hindering the large-scale promotion.
3. Technical standards
The pace of LED lighting technology standards can not keep up with the advancement of LED lighting technology, which has led to the lack of uniform industry standards for various lighting companies to implement. Even some corporate standards are in a state of change, which leads to unstable product quality and the inability of customers to identify by standard. Other business owners pursue short-term interests to shoddy and damage the high-quality image of LED products in the eyes of customers.
In short, the application of LED lamps in the field of petrochemical lighting is a subversive revolution in traditional lighting products. The use of power white LEDs in industrial explosion-proof lighting products can successfully solve the safety hazards of explosion-proof products, short lighting time, resources A series of questions such as wasting big and environmental pollution. With the advancement of new materials and new technologies, the heat dissipation and cost of high-power LED products will be gradually solved. With the development of the market and the guidance of government policies, the standard of LED has been paid attention to by relevant state departments and industries. Research and solution. LED will be used in the new era of industrial lighting applications after signal indication, automotive industry, and commercial municipalities.
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