Servo working principle and motion control method - Database & Sql Blog Articles

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The principle of the servo system is quite straightforward. Here's a detailed explanation: 1. The inverter acts as the servo actuator, responsible for executing commands such as starting, stopping, speed control, and braking. 2. A servo system is an automatic control system that uses the position, orientation, and posture of an object as the controlled variable to create a tracking system. 3. The inverter receives these commands and translates them into actions for the motor. 4. The servo detects the actual displacement of the motor and workpiece using an encoder. It compares the target command from the upper computer with the feedback signal. The difference between the two becomes the control command. 5. For example: - If the command pulse is greater than the feedback pulse, the motor starts and accelerates. - If the command pulse is equal to or slightly less than the feedback pulse, the motor decelerates and stops. - If the feedback pulse is greater, it indicates a reverse movement. 6. The start and stop signals generated by the "command pulse - feedback pulse" mechanism are precise, but the actual position where the motor stops may not match the expected one, leading to potential inaccuracies. 7. Therefore, the servo ensures accurate command execution and feedback detection, but it does not directly control the motor's motion with high precision. 8. In contrast, a stepper motor allows for precise motor control based on the number of steps taken, making it ideal for applications requiring exact positioning. 9. If the servo's "command pulse - feedback pulse" signal is used directly to control the stepping current of the motor, it could result in imprecise motor movement. However, this setup enables accurate motion control. What are the common methods of motion control? 1. There are three main types of motion control methods: - Pulse-based step motor control - Host computer + PLC + encoder + speed motor - PLC + position switch + standard (speed-controlled) motor 2. Different applications require different motion control methods: - For tasks like embroidery, a pulse-based step motor control is suitable. - For equipment like a universal milling machine, which requires linear and rotational movements, a PLC + position switch + standard motor system works well. - For more complex systems like robots, a combination of PLC, position switches, and encoder-equipped motors is often used. 3. If your system only needs basic movement control, using a PLC + position switch + standard motor configuration is a cost-effective, flexible, and reliable choice. It’s easy to program, maintain, and operate, making it ideal for many industrial applications.