Application of high power LED in ancient architectural lighting

Abstract: LED low power consumption, energy saving; compact light sources, design flexibility is very large, it is a new green light. With the continuous improvement of LED power and light efficiency, LED has got rid of the ambiguity of brightness application only, and LED has gradually entered the field of illumination. LED's 100% effective light, no out-of-line and UV, low-voltage DC operation makes it ideal for ancient architectural landscape lighting. This article takes "Xi'an ancient city wall night landscape" as an example to illustrate.
Keywords :
LED; ancient architectural lighting

introduction
For landscape lighting design, ancient buildings are non-renewable, and modern lighting design and implementation must be realized with reliable protection. Lighting design must adhere to the following principles:
1. The principle of protection and utilization. The lighting of ancient architecture should not only show the elegance of its ancient architecture, but also reflect the cultural and artistic connotation of it, and it can not damage the ancient architecture and meet the dual requirements of protecting and utilizing ancient architecture.
2. The principle of not changing the original state of ancient buildings. For example, it is strictly forbidden to lay wires in ancient buildings over 800 years old.
3. According to the principle of standard design. The illuminance or brightness of the illumination, the infrared and ultraviolet content of the light source, the illumination time, and the color parameters of the light source must all be designed in strict accordance with the standard.
4. The principle of strict management. In the design of night lighting, lighting maintenance management methods and measures must be considered.

Previously due to the limitations of light efficiency and light source, there are a series of problems in ancient architectural lighting, such as:
a. Installation of the lighting device. Fixing large-scale lighting fixtures directly on the building destroys both the structure of the building and its daytime landscape. And there is no way to show the beauty of the rich and varied light and shadow of ancient architecture.
b. Lighting method problems. In order to protect the building from long-distance projection, and most of the floodlights have no shading measures, so that more light is spilled outside the object, it is estimated that about 1/4~1/3 of the light is spilled into the air and In addition to the object, light pollution is formed. More is to ignore the major premise of energy conservation.
c. Selection of lighting devices. The lack of consideration of ultraviolet and infrared radiation from lighting devices has caused irreparable damage to ancient buildings.

In ancient architectural lighting, LEDs show an unparalleled advantage.
Safe lighting system: LED light source power is low, all low-voltage drive, solves the problem of heat dissipation without large heat accumulation, and the requirements for safety and fire protection are easy to meet.
Green and environmentally friendly lighting products: The light source has no infrared rays and ultraviolet rays, and will not damage cultural relics. At the same time, the light source does not contain mercury and will not cause environmental pollution. It is a true green lighting product. The small size of the design has ample space for point lighting, surface lighting, and local lighting. It is suitable for art lighting display, and the design space is very large. Long service life, up to tens of thousands of hours, low maintenance and repair costs.

Example - Xi'an Gunanmen City Wall

Overview:
The ancient city walls of Xi'an are preserved intact inside and outside, and the development of tourism resources is flourishing, forming four radiation lines of east, west, south and north featuring humanities and historical sites. The Xi'an City Wall was built by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty for three years in the ruins of the "Imperial City" of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is the largest and most preserved ancient city building in China.

The Xi'an City Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty and was built on the foundation of the Emperor's Wall in the 6th century. Every 120 meters on the ancient city wall, there is a 12m * 20m protruding part called "enemy", and each enemy station has a squadron building. One of the four corners of the city is built. There are one city gates in the east, west, south and north, which are Dongchang Lemen, Xi'an Dingmen, Nanyong Ningmen, and Bei'an Yuanmen.

There are guard gates outside the city gates, and there are one tower and one arrow tower on the city. Outside the city, there is a gate building on the inner side of the moat. There is a gate building that controls the “suspension bridge”. There is a Kuixing Building on the side of the side of the Confucius Temple. The top of the city wall is built with three layers of large bricks, called “Haicang”. There are 5,984 rafts in the city, and the “daughter wall” is built in the city.

The LED lighting introduced in this paper is mainly the south gate landscape lighting, which mainly includes the city tower, the gate building, the enemy building, the Kuixing building, the city wall cornice and the drainage hole. Landscape lighting design for buildings above the city wall:

The buildings on the ancient wall of Nanmen include the castle tower, the gate building and the enemy platforms on both sides. This part of the building is a comprehensive expression of the ancient Chinese architectural culture, and it is also the iconic building of the ancient city wall of Nanmen. The overall features are multi-faceted Qin and Han style buildings. The building, the blue brick and gray tiles, and the carved beams and columns, despite the age, are still intact, and the roof is so arrogant.

This part of the city's architectural lighting design, in the premise of the "protection and utilization" principle of ancient architectural lighting, the use of green, environmentally friendly and energy-saving LED light source to reflect the multi-layered rich three-dimensional sense, through the roof, eaves and part of the green brick The surface of the light is supplemented by the internal light transmission inside the hollow window rib, reflecting the three-dimensional level of the entire building:

A. Large-scale streamlined gray tile roof is the focus of the entire lighting design. The LED light string is evenly arranged along the contour of the roof, and the contours of the roof are decorated with different levels. The single LED illumination angle is 90 degrees, which can guarantee different The lighting effect of the perspective fully demonstrates the beauty of the ancient Chinese architecture in front of the world;
B. Install a high-power LED flood light (F1002) with a 10 degree lens and a single power of 1W, which is designed for the ancient building roof lighting design. The installation method of the luminaire is aimed at the tile size and structural design of the ancient Chinese buildings, and the light and shade changes of the building roof are displayed without damaging the building structure. The final illumination is shown in (Figure 1).
C. The width of different levels of roof is different. In the recess of the yin and yang tile of the outer edge of different roofs, according to the width of the roof, 15 degree illumination angle is designed. The single power LED with a power of 1W has a color temperature of 5500K. It reflects the vicissitudes of the ancient defense system, illuminating the roof as a whole, gradually diminishing the light from the bottom, and giving full play to the diminishing function of the lights, making the roof at night more prominent. See the specific illuminance distribution (Figure 2)
The three design schemes A, B and C can be controlled by loops to meet the effects of different time periods.
The bucket arch with rich structure in the lower part of the eaves, as the load-bearing structure of the ancient building, also provides a rich display space for the lighting. The small LED floodlights embedded in it are cast from the bottom up, and the main light-receiving surface at the bottom of the bucket arch is displayed with light. Strengthen the structural beauty of the building.
The lighting design of the city's buildings is designed to reflect the sense of history of the building. The choice of light and color is white and amber.

Landscape lighting design of the city wall:
1. The inner wall of the city roof is also called the wall, and the outer wall is also called the wall. The wall is 0.75 meters high and 0.45 meters thick. The wall is 1.75 meters high and 0.51 meters thick. There is a 0.6 meter gap between the raft and the raft. It is designed for viewing or shooting. Xi'an City Wall has a total of 5,984 mouths. The part of the cornice is thicker than the wall, which reflects the three-dimensional sense of the mouth. The original beautiful tube is hooked, making the carrier appear thin and hollow under the night sky. This design reflects the stability, majesty and breadth of the ancient city wall as a military defense system, making lighting the mouth of ancient architectural history, narrating historical changes and culture. The high-brightness LED project flood light is used to reflect the yellow light on the sides of the cornice. At the same time, the contrast of the light and the night background is used to display the three-dimensional light in the perspective of the visitors, showing different lines from different perspectives. Face combination. The compact size of the LEDs makes it possible to hide the excellent lighting fixtures.

2, the outlet of the lower part of the mouth, the design uses the under-type LED lighting, one can make the entire water outlet into the blue color under the night, organically combined with the night sky, two can make up through the light in the hole The guiding light of the walkway on the wall guides the people who walk on the wall at night and increases the mystery of the ancient city wall.

in conclusion

   For the design of high-power LED applications in the ancient city wall of Xi'an Nanmen, we have carried out a series of tests and evaluations of illumination and uniformity as well as safety and protection. We believe that semiconductor LED lighting is the most promising high-tech field in the 21st century. First, it has the remarkable characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving, safety, environmental protection, long life and easy maintenance. With the continuous updating and improvement of new technology of semiconductor lighting, its application in the field of landscape lighting is more and more mature and mature. Another revolution in the history of human lighting is being bred.

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