The area in the dance hall can be divided into a performance area (stage), a self-entertainment area (dance floor), a viewing rest area (seat area) and a passage. The lighting system of the dance hall must comply with the standard of lighting and lighting pollution in the dance hall of the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China (WH0201-94). Specifically, the lighting system of the dance hall must at least meet the lower limit of the lighting standard specified in the WH0201-94 standard (see attached table); the limitation on laser, ultraviolet light and stroboscopic is: the laser should generally not be directed at the human body, especially the eye. When directly irradiated or reflected and indirectly reflected to the human body, its wavelength must be between 380 and 780 nm, the maximum allowable radiation is 1.4×10-6 Wcm-2; the ultraviolet wavelength must be between 320 and 380 nm, and the maximum allowable radiation. The amount is 8.7×10-6Wcm-2; the stroboscopic frequency is lower than 6Hz, and the stroboscopic lamps should not be used continuously for a long time.
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Dance hall lighting and lighting
Since the dance hall can be divided into a performance area (stage), a self-entertainment area (dance floor), a viewing rest area (seat area) and a passageway, the dance hall lighting system also includes stage lighting, dance floor lighting, auditorium lighting and public. Regional lights.
1. Stage lighting and lighting
The stage lighting of the large regular opera house is more elaborate, including the face light (the light that is directed to the front of the actor in front of the stage) and the top light (the light that is shot at the top of the stage above the stage of the actor, and is divided into one row, two rows, three rows of top light, etc. ), slap in the light (light from the left and right sides of the stage to the actor's ears), skylight and ground screen light (light that illuminates vertically and vertically upwards on the back of the stage), and foot light (the front of the stage is placed in the ground and fires at the actor) ), chasing light (from behind the stage or behind the audience or on the side to track the actor's light). The stage lighting of the Karaoke dance hall is also derived from the stage lighting design of the opera house. The design can be increased or decreased according to the functional requirements of the hall in the setting of the stage lighting of the regular theater. For example, a large stage and a performance function usually use face light, top light, side light, skylight, ground screen light and chasing light. The general karaoke hall has only a small stage, and the customers on the stage take turns singing. The pure disco hall has only a small stage, allowing the actors to jump on the stage to mobilize the atmosphere, and the audience is entertaining themselves. In such a case, only the face light and the top light are required, and even the top light can be omitted. In the entertainment venues of the wine city, because there are often fashion show performances, song and dance performances and other programs, most of them use a long strip-shaped stage structure that goes deep into the seating area, so it is more important to set the top light, face light and chasing light. The top light of different colors can reproduce the colors of gorgeous fashion. Regardless of the stage of any type of entertainment venue, facelight is essential and brightness should be sufficient. When designing, try to take high brightness, and use it to reduce the brightness according to actual needs. Therefore, in order to satisfy certain artistic effects, stage lights are often used for dimming and discoloring.
Stage lighting fixtures are mainly spotlights, and some light-returning lights, soft lights, floodlights, rain lights and quartz lamps are often used. Quartz lamps are chosen for the "mini" small stage because of their good decoration. This is a popular trend. In addition to the various basic lighting fixtures mentioned above, the high-end entertainment venue stage lighting is equipped with some computer lights and various effects lights to meet different performance techniques.
2. Dance floor lighting and lighting
The dance floor lighting is the focus of the entire dance hall system lighting. Generally, the grade and artistic level of a dance hall lighting is based on the level of the lighting system of the dance floor. The design of the dance floor lighting has a fixed format to follow, and the grade and level are reflected in the size of the investment. The investment amount of the same dance floor, according to different designs, is as low as several thousand yuan and several million yuan. Thousands of yuan of investment can be used in the middle and low-grade lamps produced in the country. Several tens of thousands of yuan can be used as the main lamp, with a batch of domestic lamps to assist; hundreds of thousands of yuan, millions of dollars of investment can be A large number of imported lamps are used, and the focus of the selected lamps is on the computer lights. The unit price of each computer lamp ranges from several thousand to ten thousand yuan, and the number ranges from four (with one controller) to hundreds. Comes with a variety of other effect lights. It can be seen that there is no standard in the investment of the dance floor lighting. The key is how to choose the lamps and color matching in the investment amount.
The dance floor lamps can be divided into two categories: the lining lights and the effect lights. The lining lamps are mostly fixed lamps, such as the aforementioned stage lamps and border lights, strobe lights, neon lights, rainbow tubes, snake tubes, purple tubes, and lightning tubes. These lamps are often controlled by switches, chases or light consoles, etc., depending on the artistic effect of each occasion, which need to be rotated or discolored (the lamps are affixed with various colored papers). In the high-end dance floor, these kinds of lamps are not used much, but the snake tube lamp, rainbow tube, and thunder tube are often used as the shape of the dance floor. The low-end dance floor can use more such lamps, and it can achieve certain artistic effects through the lights, dimming and toning.
The pattern and color of the effect light vary widely. This type of luminaire is divided into an integral sports luminaire (mechanical control of the entire luminaire rotation), and a lens movement luminaire (sound control, program control, computer controlled lens action to achieve the role of discoloration). Among them, the lens action type lamps are more advanced. Computer lights that can be changed as needed for lamps and lenses have also been introduced. At present, the commonly used integral sports lamps have cosmic magic lights, flying disc lights, letter floating lights, pot bottom lights, and starry lights. The lens action lamp has a "mini" star moonlight, a double-layered sand fish head, a double-mirror cartoon pattern lamp, a magician, an octopus, an eight-faced exquisite lamp, a space-time tunnel lamp, a computer lamp, a laser scanning lamp, and the like.
The selection of the dance floor lamps should be based on a variety of patterns, large color changes, and strong dynamics. Different types of entertainment venues, the requirements of the dance floor lighting are different: the ballroom dance hall requires warm, romantic, mysterious, very poetic and artistic, often use slow-motion effect lights, such as voice-activated lights, computer lights, with a small amount of foil Lights and strong rhythm strobe lights; disco halls require excitement, excitement, and fanatical exaggeration, often using dynamic lighting, such as a large number of strobe lights, and mainly computer lights, with simulated laser scanning Lamps, finger lights, etc.; other karaoke halls, night clubs, wine cities, etc. are a combination of dynamic and static, both should be considered. It is worth mentioning that the voice-activated lamp and the computer lamp are “Wanjin Oilâ€, which is suitable for any occasion. In addition, the flower-like lighting is more attractive under the action of the smoke screen. Therefore, the general dance hall is equipped with one or more hoods. .
The distribution of the dance floor lighting should mainly consider the artistic shape. In addition, it should be noted that the boundaries between “moving†and “quiet†should be separated as much as possible. The distribution of the lamps should make the colorful effect lights shine as evenly as possible across the entire dance floor and highlight the warmth, romance and Exciting, exciting and dynamic atmosphere, while avoiding the intense light of the dance floor to the seating area. The seating area should maintain a soft, quiet and dark atmosphere for guests to rest and talk.
3. Seating area lights and lamps
The lighting setting of the customer to watch the rest area is relatively simple. Under the premise of meeting the 5lx standard, pay attention to the uniform distribution of the light to avoid glare and glare. For example, if the total electric power required to calculate a 70m2 audience sitting area is 200W according to the degree standard, then the lighting can be selected in a variety of ways: (1) with a 200W floodlight; (2) with 5 40W Embedded downlights; (3) fitted with 14 15W recessed downlights. Comparing the three, it is certain that the last program works best, but the installation cost will be slightly higher, while the first program has no "atmosphere". Therefore, the current popular design is to use a downlight embedded in the ceiling, with a low mutual number of white light (or shaped fluorescent light) plus a voltage regulator for dimming control. In order to create a variety of atmospheres, you can also add some purple tubes, colored light tubes (reflecting some flowers and plants), quartz lamps or small spotlights (illuminated table tops, price lists or wall ornaments), quite distinctive.
4. Channel area lights and lamps
The common passage area is often illuminated by downlights. In the position of stepped railings or corners, it can be decorated with string lights, rainbow tubes, snake tubes, etc. In addition to the decorative effect, it can also prevent the guests from slipping into the air. Emergency lights (such as cashiers and emergency exits) and sign lights should be placed in key locations. The illuminance of the bar, the commissary, the collection office, etc. is higher, and more quartz lamps, track lights or neon lights are used. When illuminating the design of this area, it is advisable to take the illuminance value as a high point and then install the local dimming equipment. In actual use, it can be flexibly adjusted as needed.
Lighting grouping and lighting control equipment selection
The grouping of stage and dance floor luminaires and the selection of lighting control equipment are key issues in the combination of art and technology.
1. Lighting grouping
Before the grouping, the selected lamps should be classified, and the grouping should be considered from the artistic conception, such as the color matching, the distribution of the lights and the atmosphere suitable for expressing, etc., and then the lights (or colors) suitable for lighting at the same time. ) A group is connected in parallel and controlled by a switch (or a set of contacts of the lamp console and the chase). Safety issues must also be considered when grouping, and technically calculated to ensure that the total current (power) of the lamps after paralleling cannot exceed the rated current of the control switch or contact. Practice has proved that in small and medium-sized dance halls, if the lighting group can reach more than ten groups and twenty groups, it can have strong expressiveness and variability; large dance halls and theaters are often used due to complicated stage lighting. Dozens or even hundreds of lighting groups can meet the requirements.
2. Selection of light control equipment
The lighting control equipment commonly used in dance halls includes air switches, multi-way switch boards (such as 12 channels), chasing lights (such as 4 channels), multi-channel program consoles (such as 16-channel light consoles), and multi-channel dimming stations (such as 24-channel dimming console) and circuit light controllers specially designed for computer lights. They each have their own characteristics, each suitable for controlling different types of luminaires and for different occasions.
The air switch has good arc extinguishing and protection performance, and the rated current ranges from 10A, 15A, 20A, up to several hundred amps to form a series. The air switch is not suitable for frequent on/off occasions, and is often used as a main switch or area switch, such as a dance floor, a stage light main switch, an air conditioner, an exhaust fan main switch, and also as an effect lamp for infrequent operation (such as a follow spot light, a neon light, The entire set of computer lights) switch.
The rated power of each multiplex switch board is generally 1500~2000W. It is suitable for controlling various types of lamps with their own changing functions, such as various types of lights, sound control lights and various types of lamps that do not need frequent operation (such as violet tubes, hoods, etc.).
The multi-way chase is actually a simple program controller, which is suitable for controlling some lamps that are cyclically changed according to a fixed program, such as string lights, coil lights, rainbow hose lights, and decorative lights that are turned on in turn on the stage steps.
The light console is equipped with manual jog (light touch switch) and program control, voice control and other functions, so it is widely used in all kinds of entertainment places from low to high. The jog function of the light console can be used to replace the combination switch board to control various luminaires that have their own changing functions and do not require frequent operation. The program control and voice control functions of the light console can be used to control some lamps that do not have the function of change themselves, and can only produce changes by adding control devices, such as "rainlight" groups that make up different patterns and different colors. It is worth noting that the program control function should not be used to control various lamps, such as rotating lights, scanning lights and strobe lights, which have their own rotation change function.
The dimming station belongs to the higher-grade program console. In addition to the on-off control function, it also sets a number of thyristor dimming functions, so it is also called multi-channel dimming station. Usually, the dimming function is used to control the stage, some parts of the dance floor that need to be dimmed, and which do not have the function of changing themselves, in order to create a different atmosphere.
Power supply consideration
According to the relevant regulations, a small-capacity lighting load with a total current of 30A or less can be powered by a 220V single-phase (two-wire) power supply; if it is more than 30A, a 380/220V (three-phase four-wire) power supply mode is adopted, and the load is applied. The power is distributed as evenly as possible on each phase. Since the total load current of the general dance hall exceeds 30A, it is usually supplied in a three-phase four-wire system, and the entire load (light, sound, air conditioner, etc.) of the entire dance hall is distributed as evenly as possible to each phase. When arranging the distribution of three-phase loads, it should be noted that the thyristor dimming technology is generally used in the lamp control system, and the thyristor components generate a large amount of harmonics when working, and the lamps are extinguished when needed for artistic effects. These will cause disturbances such as hum or "click" on the sound system. In order to minimize these disturbances, it is best to distribute some loads without thyristor components and work relatively stable in the same phase as the audio equipment when distributing the three-phase load, which will cause interference and frequent on and off load. In the other two phases. To ensure that the sound is not disturbed, the audio equipment can use one phase independently when conditions permit.
It is worth mentioning that the general entertainment venues are open until late at night. When the nighttime is quiet, the grid voltage often exceeds 220V, which is very easy to damage the lamps. Therefore, the voltage regulator should be connected to the lighting system to make the voltage when the grid voltage exceeds 220V. Turn down.
Song and dance hall lighting design example
The following is an example of a large-scale integrated dance hall lighting design. The total area of ​​the dance hall is 600m2 (15m×40m), of which the stage area is 54m2 (9m×6m) and the dance floor area is 180m2 (9m×20m). The function requirements for the ballroom are: the stage can be used for larger literary songs and dances, fashion model performances, and performances by singers with band accompaniment; the dance floor can be used as a special disco and ballroom dance. The investment in the entire lighting project shall not exceed 1.3 million yuan. The dance hall is open from 8:30 to 3:30 every night, of which 10:30 to 12:00 is the performance time, and the rest is the time for the guests to entertain themselves. The entertainment is done by ballroom dancing and disco dancing.
Considering that the investment in the hall has been considered at a high-end level, and considering that the performance time and the self-entertainment time are separated, the stage and dance floor lighting will not be used at the same time, so the stage and the dance floor are divided into two sets of control systems.
1. Dance floor lighting design
The design of this design is based on the passion, wild and shocking disco dance, while taking into account the warm and romantic atmosphere, in order to appeal to all customers of different literacy and different hobbies. The dance floor uses the famous Italian Galaxy super octopus main lamp (nearly 30,000 yuan), with 16 American Intellal Lights 700HS computer lights (nearly 30,000 yuan) and dozens of effect lights. Such as laser wars, pipe lights, super moon lights, laser scanning lights, space-time tunnel lights, "mini" star lights, finger lights, etc., plus hundreds of auxiliary lights, through the light control equipment to control its color change, dimming . The lamp shed has a five-petal peach-shaped lighting that is radioactively opened from the inside to the outside under the action of multiple chasing machines. It is like the momentum of “flowers are rich and steamed upâ€. The dance floor lighting system cost 770,000 yuan.
2. Stage lighting design
A huge semi-circular lamp stand was designed on the performance stage, which is majestic and magnificent. The lamp holder is equipped with 8 light-wave computer lights and dozens of various effect lights. On the stage floor, there are 8 color star shaking head computer lights, and a number of different colors of metal halide lamps illuminate the flowers and plants on both sides of the stage, making the whole stage look vibrant. There are 2 follow-up lights on the backstage floating platform. In addition, more than a hundred high-brightness and multi-color lamps can meet the needs of a variety of high-level performances. The stage lighting system cost 530,000 yuan.
3. Standard calibration
According to the WH0201-94 standard, the stage lighting is 150lx and the dance floor lighting is 20lx. How to verify whether the design is up to standard, there is a rough estimation method to provide reference: the power required to obtain 1lx per square meter of area is 1W (according to the actual calculation, only a few watts, which is a large value estimate). According to this calculation, the dance floor of this design should be 3600W (20×180). The actual use of 64580W, if the 1/4 power is calculated at the same time, there is still 16145W, the required power is 4.5 times. The stage is 8100W (150×54) as needed, and the actual allocation is 77700W. It also counts 1/4 power at the same time. There are still 19425W and the required power is 2.4 times. It can be seen that the lower limit of the lamp illumination standard in the ballroom cannot meet the requirements, which is one of the reasons for using the dimming device.
Regarding the indicators of the lighting system, the relevant standard only specifies the lower limit of the illuminance, which is usually far greater than the lower limit at the time of design. In actual use, in order to create different atmospheres, the lights can be artificially dimmed, as long as the illumination is not lower than the standard lower limit. The limited use of lasers, violet lights, strobe lights, wavelengths, radiation, etc. are issues that manufacturers have long considered, while strobe lights use time limits and lasers can not directly direct the human eye and other requirements, then Controlled by the operator. Therefore, the problem of debugging the indicator of the lighting system is relatively simple. It only needs to consider the adjustment of the position and angle of the lamp so that the restricted light is not directly visible to the human eye.
As for the distribution of the lamps in the light shed, the distribution should be evenly distributed on the principle that the spot covers the whole dance floor. Light color changes and dynamic changes should also serve music and dance, serving the style and artistic effect of the ballroom. The design of this example could not provide a layout of the fixture due to space limitations.
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