Introduction: Power Consumption of Ethernet Switches In modern network architectures, information technology and data center managers are looking for green alternatives to reduce the power consumption of Ethernet switches, routers, and server devices. This requires more environmentally friendly products on the market, which reduces operating costs. For example, Internet traffic in all of 1993 totaled several hundred TB. In 2010, 17 years later, Internet traffic per second reached hundreds of terabytes. In fact, today, more than 50% of data center operating expenses are spent on equipment cooling, which powers fans and air conditioning systems.
Traditional network equipment design requires high performance, but there is no clear measure of power consumption and energy efficiency. Specifically, energy efficiency is disjointed from network devices that support the Power over Ethernet protocol (PoE protocol). The result of this is that in the area of ​​the network market, the power consumption of the equipment is increasing rapidly, especially the equipment power consumption of the high-frequency application processor.
Considering that more than 300 million Ethernet switch ports are sold each year, the power consumption loss caused by idle lines has created a significant and common problem that warrants attention. The IEEE energy-efficient Ethernet specification came into being. The goal is to significantly reduce the power consumption of more than 600 million Ethernet ports sold each year. However, this specification cannot cope with this situation: When the Power over Ethernet system is deployed, most of the power loss occurs in the Power over Ethernet subsystem rather than in the data section.
In 2010, nearly 70 million Ethernet-powered system switch ports were sold to the market. For enterprises deploying IP-based phones powered by Ethernet systems, WLAN networks, IP security applications, and other applications, this is their focus. For example, a standard 48-port Ethernet switch only has to distribute 50 watts to 80 watts of power on traditional Ethernet switches and transceiver integrated circuits. However, the switch is required to supply 370 watts to 740 watts of power on a Power over Ethernet system. This 8:1 contrast ratio means that a small increase in the energy efficiency of a Power-over-Ethernet system can greatly increase the overall energy efficiency of the Ethernet switch.
Traditional Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)
In response to the ever-increasing power consumption of Ethernet switches, the IEEE researched and approved the 802.3az standard. This standard is called the Energy Efficient Ethernet Standard (EEE). The standard provides low power idle (LPI) mode applications for Ethernet Base-T transceivers (100Mb, 1GbE, and 10GbE) and the backplane physical layer.
The energy-efficient Ethernet standard is based on the basic idea of ​​disconnecting the power supply during periods of low device utilization or idle periods, and restoring power connections during data transfer periods. This concept is based on the well-known fact that client and server Ethernet connections in standard network environments are idle most of the time. The peak of its data traffic happens only occasionally.
EEE specifies the low power idle (LPI) protocol. This protocol controls both ends of the physical connection by sending signals. The quick adjustment of the power-saving mode of the connected device includes turning off the power and stopping the data transmission and reception of the system during no data transmission. In addition, the energy-efficient Ethernet standard also specifies the other protocol. This protocol keeps the operating parameters of the Ethernet physical layer system under low power idle (LPI) mode updated at all times, so as to keep the connection stable and prevent the connection from being disconnected. In addition, the energy-saving Ethernet standard also specifies the signal protocol on one side. This protocol shows when the physical connection is needed and the connection is quickly restored. As a result, low power idle (LPI) applications can save one watt of power per Ethernet connection in a high-level Ethernet physical layer technology. In spite of this, the energy-saving Ethernet standard cannot cope with the energy loss problem of Power over Ethernet, nor can it solve the problem of how to reduce energy consumption.
The power-saving mechanism of Power over Ethernet (PoE) uses Power over Ethernet instead of the traditional AC power supply module as an important reason for the power device is that it can remotely shut down the device and also reduce the amount of cabling. By controlling the opening and closing of the device, a large amount of power is saved. For example, through a central control point, cameras used at night can be turned off during the day (or vice versa); IEEE 802.11 WLAN access points can be turned on to increase coverage and bandwidth, or closed during low utilization periods; and IP The phone can be closed at night, on weekends or during idle periods.
In multi-port devices, the relevant data also proves the advantages of Power over Ethernet. A single AC power supply module must supply the power needed for all operating modes of a single device. The shared power supply mode of multiple Power over Ethernet devices can be adjusted according to the average power utilization. This is similar to POTS telephone technology that has been used for many years. . This greatly reduces the power consumption loss of the exchange-type power supply during idle periods. This saved portion of electrical energy typically accounts for 10%-20% of the maximum power supply load. When it is necessary to provide more power, additional power supply equipment can be installed in Power over Ethernet switches and Ethernet intermediate devices to ensure that the power supply is adjusted according to the business growth needs.
Energy-Efficient Power over Ethernet (EEPoE): Advanced Power over Ethernet Technology With the development of Power over Ethernet technology, from a very low power level (12.95 watts per port) to a power level of 25.5 watts. During this period, the power loss on the Ethernet cable has increased exponentially. About 4.5 watts per port of electrical energy is lost on CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT6A cables, and the worst loop resistance problem on a 25,000-meter-long cable is encountered after 100 meters (for example, the cable transmission efficiency is only 25.5 /30, equivalent to 85% of the transfer rate). Even if a voltage of 54 volts is used to replace 50 volts, the transmission efficiency will not exceed 87%. Remember that traditional energy-efficient Ethernet networks typically save less than one watt of power per connection. To cope with the loss of 4.5 watts per connection caused by inefficient Power over Ethernet transmissions, we need to save more power.
When performing power transfer on the same 25-ohm cable, the new energy-efficient Power over Ethernet technology can increase the transmission efficiency to 94% by using IEEE 802.3at-compatible technology in the synchronized four pairs of lines. When using a synchronized four-pair line, the power requirements of the device can be met using all the available wires. For example, in the 24 ports of the IEEE 802.3at-2009 Type 2 system (with a transmission power of 25.5 watts per port), more than 50 watts of electrical energy is saved.
It is particularly important to point out that the reference switch system products that combine energy-efficient Ethernet technology and energy-efficient Power over Ethernet technology have proven to save a lot of power. Please see the following table:
Technology Saved Power Save Time The Number of Ethernet Connections Sold Each Year Energy Efficient Ethernet Technology (PoE) on GbE About 1 Watt/200 Million Connection Connections in Idle Period, and Energy-Efficient Power over Ethernet Technology at 3af (EEPoE) ) About 0.6 watts/connection Once the power is turned on 40 million, and the energy-efficient Power over Ethernet (EEPoE) on the increase of 3at is about 2.1 watts/connection Once the power is turned on 30 million, and the total energy saved in the growth is 3.13 watts/connection Notes: Energy-efficient Power over Ethernet technology does not require the replacement of electrical equipment. Therefore, it is only necessary to save power by upgrading the switch or Power over Ethernet device.
Applying innovative technologies to Power over Ethernet systems To implement advanced EEPoE technology, Marvell and Microsemi have adopted proprietary microprocessor technology embedded in the Marvell Prestera DX4100 and DX2100 product families. This innovative approach provides customers with a platform. This platform will help customers build cost-effective and powerful network devices. The device is embedded with an off-load selection program for the main CPU. With the integrated main CPU, the Marvell Prestera DX4100 and DX2100 microprocessors are equipped with an additional embedded microcontroller, Marvell Dragonite. The controller can run lightweight, stand-alone applications. Today's MicrosemiEEPoE management software can run on Dragonite microcontrollers to help customers improve the performance of Power over Ethernet systems while reducing overall system cost by 15%.
Conclusion With the approval of the IEEE802.3az standard in September 2009, Power over Ethernet (PoE) has been able to save more power. Power over Ethernet technology powers devices through an Ethernet cable architecture that can also transmit data. This brings great benefits. In this way, we no longer need to install costly AC interfaces. When the equipment is deployed, there is no need to install cables. It is only necessary to realize energy-saving automation according to the opening, closing and transmission status of the equipment.
Combined with the Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard, Power over Ethernet (PoE) will bring more value. The two cannot be separated but use each other in a complementary way. Technology providers like Marvell and Microsemi are collaborating on innovative energy-efficient Power over Ethernet solutions (such as switches and Ethernet middleware) to help OEMs provide more cost-effective and environmentally friendly products throughout the industry. It will benefit in the near future and in the future.
Energy-Efficient Power Over Ethernet (EEPoE): Advanced Power-over-Ethernet Power Saving Technology Article Link: Gongkong (100 stations) http://
Traditional network equipment design requires high performance, but there is no clear measure of power consumption and energy efficiency. Specifically, energy efficiency is disjointed from network devices that support the Power over Ethernet protocol (PoE protocol). The result of this is that in the area of ​​the network market, the power consumption of the equipment is increasing rapidly, especially the equipment power consumption of the high-frequency application processor.
Considering that more than 300 million Ethernet switch ports are sold each year, the power consumption loss caused by idle lines has created a significant and common problem that warrants attention. The IEEE energy-efficient Ethernet specification came into being. The goal is to significantly reduce the power consumption of more than 600 million Ethernet ports sold each year. However, this specification cannot cope with this situation: When the Power over Ethernet system is deployed, most of the power loss occurs in the Power over Ethernet subsystem rather than in the data section.
In 2010, nearly 70 million Ethernet-powered system switch ports were sold to the market. For enterprises deploying IP-based phones powered by Ethernet systems, WLAN networks, IP security applications, and other applications, this is their focus. For example, a standard 48-port Ethernet switch only has to distribute 50 watts to 80 watts of power on traditional Ethernet switches and transceiver integrated circuits. However, the switch is required to supply 370 watts to 740 watts of power on a Power over Ethernet system. This 8:1 contrast ratio means that a small increase in the energy efficiency of a Power-over-Ethernet system can greatly increase the overall energy efficiency of the Ethernet switch.
Traditional Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)
In response to the ever-increasing power consumption of Ethernet switches, the IEEE researched and approved the 802.3az standard. This standard is called the Energy Efficient Ethernet Standard (EEE). The standard provides low power idle (LPI) mode applications for Ethernet Base-T transceivers (100Mb, 1GbE, and 10GbE) and the backplane physical layer.
The energy-efficient Ethernet standard is based on the basic idea of ​​disconnecting the power supply during periods of low device utilization or idle periods, and restoring power connections during data transfer periods. This concept is based on the well-known fact that client and server Ethernet connections in standard network environments are idle most of the time. The peak of its data traffic happens only occasionally.
EEE specifies the low power idle (LPI) protocol. This protocol controls both ends of the physical connection by sending signals. The quick adjustment of the power-saving mode of the connected device includes turning off the power and stopping the data transmission and reception of the system during no data transmission. In addition, the energy-efficient Ethernet standard also specifies the other protocol. This protocol keeps the operating parameters of the Ethernet physical layer system under low power idle (LPI) mode updated at all times, so as to keep the connection stable and prevent the connection from being disconnected. In addition, the energy-saving Ethernet standard also specifies the signal protocol on one side. This protocol shows when the physical connection is needed and the connection is quickly restored. As a result, low power idle (LPI) applications can save one watt of power per Ethernet connection in a high-level Ethernet physical layer technology. In spite of this, the energy-saving Ethernet standard cannot cope with the energy loss problem of Power over Ethernet, nor can it solve the problem of how to reduce energy consumption.
The power-saving mechanism of Power over Ethernet (PoE) uses Power over Ethernet instead of the traditional AC power supply module as an important reason for the power device is that it can remotely shut down the device and also reduce the amount of cabling. By controlling the opening and closing of the device, a large amount of power is saved. For example, through a central control point, cameras used at night can be turned off during the day (or vice versa); IEEE 802.11 WLAN access points can be turned on to increase coverage and bandwidth, or closed during low utilization periods; and IP The phone can be closed at night, on weekends or during idle periods.
In multi-port devices, the relevant data also proves the advantages of Power over Ethernet. A single AC power supply module must supply the power needed for all operating modes of a single device. The shared power supply mode of multiple Power over Ethernet devices can be adjusted according to the average power utilization. This is similar to POTS telephone technology that has been used for many years. . This greatly reduces the power consumption loss of the exchange-type power supply during idle periods. This saved portion of electrical energy typically accounts for 10%-20% of the maximum power supply load. When it is necessary to provide more power, additional power supply equipment can be installed in Power over Ethernet switches and Ethernet intermediate devices to ensure that the power supply is adjusted according to the business growth needs.
Energy-Efficient Power over Ethernet (EEPoE): Advanced Power over Ethernet Technology With the development of Power over Ethernet technology, from a very low power level (12.95 watts per port) to a power level of 25.5 watts. During this period, the power loss on the Ethernet cable has increased exponentially. About 4.5 watts per port of electrical energy is lost on CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT6A cables, and the worst loop resistance problem on a 25,000-meter-long cable is encountered after 100 meters (for example, the cable transmission efficiency is only 25.5 /30, equivalent to 85% of the transfer rate). Even if a voltage of 54 volts is used to replace 50 volts, the transmission efficiency will not exceed 87%. Remember that traditional energy-efficient Ethernet networks typically save less than one watt of power per connection. To cope with the loss of 4.5 watts per connection caused by inefficient Power over Ethernet transmissions, we need to save more power.
When performing power transfer on the same 25-ohm cable, the new energy-efficient Power over Ethernet technology can increase the transmission efficiency to 94% by using IEEE 802.3at-compatible technology in the synchronized four pairs of lines. When using a synchronized four-pair line, the power requirements of the device can be met using all the available wires. For example, in the 24 ports of the IEEE 802.3at-2009 Type 2 system (with a transmission power of 25.5 watts per port), more than 50 watts of electrical energy is saved.
It is particularly important to point out that the reference switch system products that combine energy-efficient Ethernet technology and energy-efficient Power over Ethernet technology have proven to save a lot of power. Please see the following table:
Technology Saved Power Save Time The Number of Ethernet Connections Sold Each Year Energy Efficient Ethernet Technology (PoE) on GbE About 1 Watt/200 Million Connection Connections in Idle Period, and Energy-Efficient Power over Ethernet Technology at 3af (EEPoE) ) About 0.6 watts/connection Once the power is turned on 40 million, and the energy-efficient Power over Ethernet (EEPoE) on the increase of 3at is about 2.1 watts/connection Once the power is turned on 30 million, and the total energy saved in the growth is 3.13 watts/connection Notes: Energy-efficient Power over Ethernet technology does not require the replacement of electrical equipment. Therefore, it is only necessary to save power by upgrading the switch or Power over Ethernet device.
Applying innovative technologies to Power over Ethernet systems To implement advanced EEPoE technology, Marvell and Microsemi have adopted proprietary microprocessor technology embedded in the Marvell Prestera DX4100 and DX2100 product families. This innovative approach provides customers with a platform. This platform will help customers build cost-effective and powerful network devices. The device is embedded with an off-load selection program for the main CPU. With the integrated main CPU, the Marvell Prestera DX4100 and DX2100 microprocessors are equipped with an additional embedded microcontroller, Marvell Dragonite. The controller can run lightweight, stand-alone applications. Today's MicrosemiEEPoE management software can run on Dragonite microcontrollers to help customers improve the performance of Power over Ethernet systems while reducing overall system cost by 15%.
Conclusion With the approval of the IEEE802.3az standard in September 2009, Power over Ethernet (PoE) has been able to save more power. Power over Ethernet technology powers devices through an Ethernet cable architecture that can also transmit data. This brings great benefits. In this way, we no longer need to install costly AC interfaces. When the equipment is deployed, there is no need to install cables. It is only necessary to realize energy-saving automation according to the opening, closing and transmission status of the equipment.
Combined with the Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard, Power over Ethernet (PoE) will bring more value. The two cannot be separated but use each other in a complementary way. Technology providers like Marvell and Microsemi are collaborating on innovative energy-efficient Power over Ethernet solutions (such as switches and Ethernet middleware) to help OEMs provide more cost-effective and environmentally friendly products throughout the industry. It will benefit in the near future and in the future.
Energy-Efficient Power Over Ethernet (EEPoE): Advanced Power-over-Ethernet Power Saving Technology Article Link: Gongkong (100 stations) http://
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