The iris is a fabric-like ring in the pupil of the eye. Each iris contains a unique structure based on features such as crowns, crystals, filaments, spots, structures, pits, rays, wrinkles, and stripes. It is said that no two irises are the same. Iris recognition technology is a kind of human biometric technology.
Iris recognition technology is based on the iris in the eye for identification, applied to security equipment (such as access control, etc.), and places with high security requirements. For example, in Hollywood blockbusters, by scanning the eye retina to open a cool room or a safe scene, everyone must remember it! The use of iris recognition technology provides a high level of security for sites that require a high degree of confidentiality. The principle of iris recognition technology and the advantages and disadvantages of iris recognition technology are introduced below.
The iris is a ring-shaped color tissue around the pupil, which has a rich and varied texture pattern that forms the basis of iris recognition. The iris recognition technology scans and images the iris pattern by an infrared ray, and determines the degree of similarity by the XOR operation of the pattern pixel bits. The iris recognition process first needs to separate the iris from the image of the eye and then perform feature analysis. The probability of finding two identical irises theoretically is one in 1.2 million. This is also the most accurate of all biometrics currently known.
Iris recognition is to determine the identity of people by comparing the similarities between iris image features. The process of iris recognition technology generally involves the following four steps:
1. Iris image acquisition
The entire eye of the person is photographed using a specific camera device, and the captured image is transmitted to the image pre-processing software of the iris recognition system.
2. Image preprocessing
The acquired iris image is processed as follows to satisfy the requirement of extracting iris features.
Iris Positioning: Determines the position of the inner, outer, and quadratic curves in the image. The inner circle is the boundary between the iris and the pupil, the outer circle is the boundary between the iris and the sclera, and the quadratic curve is the boundary between the iris and the upper and lower eyelids.
Iris image normalization: Adjust the iris size in the image to a fixed size set by the recognition system.
Image enhancement: For normalized images, brightness, contrast, and smoothness are processed to improve the recognition rate of iris information in the image.
3. Feature extraction
The feature points required for iris recognition are extracted from the iris image by a specific algorithm and encoded.
4. Feature matching
The feature code extracted by the feature is matched with the iris image feature code in the database one by one to determine whether it is the same iris, thereby achieving the purpose of identity recognition.
Advantages and disadvantages of iris recognition technologyFirst, the advantages of iris recognition technology analysis
1. User-friendly;
2. May be the most reliable biometric technology;
3. No physical contact is required;
4. High reliability.
Quick and convenient: With this system, you can achieve gating without carrying any documents, and can be unidirectional or bidirectional; you can be authorized to control one door, or you can control to open multiple doors;
Flexible authorization: The system can adjust user permissions arbitrarily according to the needs of management, and keep abreast of user dynamics, including customer identity, operation location, function and time sequence, etc., to realize real-time intelligent management;
Unable to copy: This system uses iris information as the password and cannot be copied; and each activity can be automatically recorded, which is convenient for traceability and inquiries, and automatically alarms in case of illegal situation;
Flexible configuration: Users and managers can set different installation and operation methods according to their own preferences, needs or occasions. For example, in public places such as the lobby, you can only use the password input method. However, in important occasions, the password is forbidden. Only the iris recognition method is used. Of course, it can also be used in two ways.
Low investment and maintenance-free: The system can retain the original lock, but its mechanical moving parts are reduced, and the movement range is small, the life of the bolt is longer; the system is maintenance-free, and can be expanded and upgraded at any time without repurchasing the equipment. In the long run, the benefits will be significant and the management level will be greatly improved.
Wide application industry: widely used in coal mines, banks, prisons, access control, social security, medical and other industries;
Second, the analysis of the shortcomings of iris recognition technology
1. It is difficult to miniaturize the size of the image acquisition device;
2. The equipment cost is high and cannot be widely promoted;
3. The lens may produce image distortion and reduce reliability;
4. Two modules: hardware and software;
5. An automatic iris recognition system consists of two major modules: hardware and software: iris image acquisition device and iris recognition algorithm. Corresponding to the two basic problems of image acquisition and pattern matching, respectively.
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