To ensure that the motor speed is reduced to nearly zero, it's essential to cut off the power supply quickly to prevent the motor from starting in the reverse direction. This is where a speed relay comes into play in the reverse braking circuit. It automatically and promptly disconnects the power when needed. During reverse braking, the relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and the rotor (n1 + n) becomes very high. This causes a large induced current in the rotor windings, which in turn increases the current in the stator windings—often up to ten times the motor’s rated current. Because of this, reverse braking is typically suitable for small motors with a capacity of 10 kW or less. For motors above 4 kW, a current-limiting resistor is added to the stator circuit to reduce the braking current and protect the system. Reverse braking offers strong braking force and quick response, making it ideal for applications requiring rapid stopping. However, it also has some disadvantages. The braking process can be quite harsh, leading to mechanical stress on the components. Additionally, it consumes a lot of energy and isn't recommended for frequent use. Therefore, reverse braking is commonly used in systems where fast stopping is necessary, but frequent starts and stops are not required. Examples include milling machines, boring machines, and other industrial equipment where inertia is significant and the need for immediate braking is critical.
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