As China's Internet of Things (IoT) accelerates its development, ZigBee technology is gradually gaining popularity among users in the country. It has found applications in various smart sensor scenarios, such as the construction of tunnels for Beijing Metro Line 9. In this case, ZigBee has replaced traditional RFID attendance systems, offering features like accurate direction detection, reliable positioning, and efficient query capabilities, which significantly enhance tunnel safety and management efficiency. Additionally, in high-end elderly care facilities, ZigBee-based wireless positioning systems enable real-time tracking and emergency assistance across entire residential areas. With each elderly person carrying a portable alarm device, they can quickly press the help button in case of danger, addressing safety concerns during outdoor activities while providing an easy-to-use and highly reliable solution.
This paper presents the design of a ZigBee Coordinator node based on the CC2530 microcontroller. The overall hardware design of the ZigBee node includes three key components: the coordinator, router, and end device. The coordinator plays a central role in network initialization, parameter configuration, and data management. Given the complexity of the coordinator node, this paper focuses specifically on its design. The coordinator node consists of a main processor module, RF front-end, power management system, and various external interfaces. Additional modules such as sensors or GSM/GPRS communication units can be integrated as needed. A schematic diagram of the coordinator’s main hardware structure is shown in Figure 1.
The processor module utilizes the CC2530 chip, which is a fully integrated system-on-a-chip compliant with IEEE 802.15.4 standards. It supports ZigBee, ZigBeePRO, and ZigBeeRF4CE protocols, along with a powerful 8051 microcontroller core, 256 KB of FLASH memory, 8 KB of RAM, and multiple peripherals including two USARTs, a 12-bit ADC, and 21 general-purpose I/O pins. The chip also offers flexible support for various protocol stacks like Z-Stack, RemoTI, or SimpliciTI, making it ideal for rapid development. The RF front-end uses the CC2591 chip from Texas Instruments, which operates at 2.4 GHz and integrates a power amplifier, low-noise amplifier, balun, and RF matching network. This enhances the system's coverage and signal quality.
For power management, the system can be powered by either an external power supply or a dry battery, ensuring continuous operation even when the main power is unavailable. The interface module typically includes a serial port, power interface, and JTAG interface, with optional USB connectivity for greater flexibility, especially when a computer lacks a serial port. Lastly, the antenna options include SMA and inverted-F designs. The SMA connector is widely used, featuring internal threading and a pin contact. The inverted-F antenna, designed by TI, provides a maximum gain of +3.3 dB and is well-suited for the operating frequency of the CC2530.
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