å‰, preface
LED lighting is the most promising green energy industry in the 21st century. The LED industry in Taiwan has been developing for nearly 30 years, and it plays an important role in the global LED manufacturing scale. However, in terms of technology and patent layout, it still lags far behind the European and Japanese manufacturers. In the future, it is expected to jointly create a new LED industry through cross-strait cooperation. This article will briefly introduce the current situation and vision of LED and Taiwan in the industry, and further analyze the problems faced by Taiwan's LED industry, as well as the progress of cross-strait cooperation, and make some suggestions for the government's reference.
The current situation and vision of the LED industry in Taiwan is a semiconductor component. It is often used as an indicator light, a display panel, etc. at the beginning; it is also used as illumination with the appearance of a white light emitting diode. It is a new type of light source in the 21st century. It has the advantages of high efficiency, long life and not easy to break. When a forward voltage is applied, the light-emitting diode emits a single color, discontinuous light, which is one of the electroluminescence effects. By changing the chemical composition of the semiconductor material used, the light-emitting diode can emit light in the near ultraviolet, visible or infrared light. (See: Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LED&variant=zh-tw>)
Because LEDs have power saving, fast response, and long life (fluorescent lamp life is 10,000 to 15,000 hours, incandescent lamps are 1,000 to 2,000 hours, but LEDs can reach 35,000 to 50,000 hours, and recent new products can even reach ten The advantages of 10,000 hours), light weight, variable color and low driving voltage. In recent years, LED applications have become more and more popular, such as traffic lights, building lighting, home lighting, backlights for mobile phones, notebook computers and LCDs. The backlight of the TV and so on.
In 2007, the global LED output value was 6.678 billion US dollars. According to the estimates of the Institute of Industrial Research, the global LED output value will reach 7.015 billion US dollars in 2009, of which the high-brightness LED output value is estimated to be about 5.472 billion US dollars, accounting for about 78%. It is expected that by 2012, the global LED output value will grow to 10.844 billion US dollars, and the high-brightness LED output value will reach 9.76 billion US dollars, accounting for 90%.
Taiwan is actively developing the LED industry, and it is already quite large. It has a dense layout in the upstream epitaxial process, midstream grain manufacturing, and downstream LED package testing. According to the information released by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the output of LED light source is the first in the world, the second in output value, and the global market share is as high as 16%. Among them, Jingdian is the world's largest manufacturer of high-brightness LED dies, and the output value of backlight modules is the first in the world.
In April, the "Ministry of Economic Affairs" proposed the "Green Energy Industry Xusheng Program", which will be the main energy industry for the green energy industry by combining LED and solar photovoltaic. It is expected to invest 20 billion yuan in technology research and development in five years to promote private investment. 200 billion yuan, more than 25 billion yuan to promote renewable energy and energy conservation settings and subsidies, ready to change 700,000 miles of traffic lights to LED lights, to promote the development of LED and other industries. In the future, Taiwan's LED optoelectronic industry will become the world's largest supplier of LED light sources and modules. It is expected to reach an output value of 540 billion yuan by 2015 and provide jobs for 54,000 people per year.
Third, the problem of LED development Even though the world is optimistic about the future development of the LED industry, various research institutions and investment institutions continue to increase the output value of the industry in the next few years. However, there are still several obstacles to its development and it remains to be broken. In particular, Taiwan's science and technology industry has invested in the LED industry. Even the electronics manufacturers such as Hon Hai, TSMC, UMC and Guangbao Branch have not invested, or plan to enter the industry in a big way. Attention should be paid to the following issues:
First, the lack of brightness: LED has the advantages of power saving, fast response and long life, but compared with the current general lighting technology, the brightness is still very limited, it is difficult to replace the traditional lighting equipment. However, with the advancement of technology, the efficiency of LEDs will continue to increase. Some experts have pointed out that LEDs will reach the brightness of traditional lighting within a few years.
Second, the heat problem: because the high-power LED input power is only 15 to 20% converted into light, the other 80 to 85% is converted into heat, if these heat is not properly discharged to the outside world, then the LED die interface temperature will be High and affecting luminous efficiency and luminous lifetime (see: Talking about the heat dissipation problem of LED and LED backlight, LEDinside website (for the LED industry website of the world-renowned research institute Jibang Technology) (http:// Tw / led_and_led_backlight_thermal_issue_200712>). The initial single-chip LED power is not high, the heat is limited, the heat problem is not big. But in recent years, with the expansion of LED applications, LEDs gradually require high-brightness, high-power and large-area LED systems. In particular, the area and number of LCD backlight modules have increased, and the technical requirements for heat dissipation have been increasing. It has become one of the most important topics in the industry (see: Zhang Zhihao, LED for backlight module development and heat dissipation) Journal of Industrial Materials, 247, July 1996, p. 81).
Third, foreign patents are elusive: Taiwan's LED industry output value is very amazing, Taiwan's LED shipments are the world's first, the market share of 38%, the output value is second, second only to Japan. However, Taiwan's LED industry has been patented by the international five major LED manufacturers. The patent issue has always been the biggest problem in the development of LED manufacturers in Taiwan. In recent years, it has been repeatedly accused by international companies such as Nichia and Lumileds (Xie Aili, Taiwan LED Factory) The global market share will increase with the increasing number of patent issues, 2007/11/30, Juheng.com. In order to circumvent the Nichia patent, Taiwanese companies are not authorized by the German Osram, which has poor luminous efficiency, to sell the products to the mainland market with low awareness of intellectual property rights. Otherwise, they will have to pay a high amount of authorization.
Fourth, the technical standards are not unified: Although LED has been developed for many years, the related technologies have gradually matured. Due to the wide range of LED applications, there is no absolute leader in the industry to lead the industry development, so that LEDs are in product specifications or measurement. There is a lack of standards. In the early years, CIE (International Commission on Lighting) led the establishment of CIE-127 LED measurement standard, but it was not complete, nor did it talk about product standards (Lin Zhixun, current status and trends of LED industry development, ITRI report of ITRI, 2008 April 20th.). Leading manufacturers have also proposed several sets of industry standards in recent years, but there is still no set of internationally recognized industry standards. In order to seize the LED opportunity, advanced countries have invested a lot of manpower and resources in LED standards and testing. In terms of standards, they pay attention to the selection of LED characteristic parameters and test methods. At the same time, many foreign large companies' research and development personnel are actively participating in national and international specialized organizations to develop semiconductor lighting test standards. For example, in the past, Lumileds and Nichia of Japan announced that they have cross-licensed their respective LED technologies and are preparing to jointly develop power LED standards to promote market applications (please refer to: International LED related standards, April 2008, 〈 Http://>).
From the past, the experience of formulating common technical standards of the industry has been dominated by large places in Europe, the United States and Japan, and several leading factories in specific industries have become alliances, sharing technology and patents, and eliminating competition through market share. Opponents have gradually become the common standard in the industry. Those who are not in this alliance will want to use this standard to produce similar products, which will inevitably touch the patent rights of the alliance and can only pay an expensive license.
Taiwanese enterprises are mainly based on foundry. Even though most of the products in the world are produced by Taiwanese factories, there is almost no room for discretion on industrial technology standards. If a manufacturer dares not to follow the technical standards of a foreign big company, it will resort to litigation, and fight international lawsuits, first seize the goods imported into the country, and claim high compensation. For many years, large-scale European and American companies have used this method, and there has been no disadvantage. The manufacturers on both sides of the strait have paid a painful price.
5. There are too many Taiwanese manufacturers and the scale is limited: the LED industry has low financial barriers. For example, the establishment of two automated packaging lines, the capital cost is about 300 million Taiwan dollars for three years. In addition, low-end LED packaging technology demand is low, there are many home-based LED packaging factories in mainland China is the best example. Due to the low technology and capital demand threshold, the LED industry has low barriers to entry (see: Lin Zhixun, Development Status and Trend of Luminous Diode Industry, ITRI Report of Industrial Technology Institute, April 20, 2008.), Taiwan LED related manufacturers The number is very amazing. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, there are currently more than 50 LED upstream light source manufacturers in Taiwan, 40 midstream modules and more than 100 downstream lighting applications. What is even more frightening is that there is still a push for manufacturers to invest in the LED industry in the future.
The cooperation between the two sides of the strait will create a win-win situation for the mainland and provide new opportunities for Taiwanese businessmen. The vast market of the mainland, combined with Taiwan's technology, is enough to create a Chinese market and cooperate to build a new opportunity for the LED industry. The government actively promotes the “bridge project†to establish a cross-strait industrial cooperation platform, create cross-strait industrial cooperation business opportunities, and link multinational enterprises to global layout.
In order to implement Ma Ying-jeou’s policy of “opening a new era of cross-strait economic and trade consultation†and “deeply ploughing Taiwan and global connectionsâ€, the “Ministry of Economic Affairs†in August 1997 adopted the policy of “bridge-building project†to establish an industry. The platform starts from individual industries and organizes cross-strait industrial exchange meetings to build bridges for exchanges between the two sides. It is hoped that by holding cross-strait industrial exchange and cooperation seminars, we will establish a cross-strait industrial cooperation model, create a more open and friendly industrial development environment, and then create cross-strait cooperation business opportunities, connect multinational enterprises, and jointly enter the international market, carry out global layout, and create cross-strait industrial win-win. . Among them, the LED lighting industry is one of the priority projects for the bridge project.
At the beginning of this month, it was hosted by the Industrial Technology Research Institute and the Cross-Strait Science and Technology Exchange Center. Feng Qichun, director of the High-tech Development and Industrialization Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Mainland, was invited to lead more than 80 people from mainland China's production and education units to participate in the "cross-strait LED (semiconductor) lighting industry cooperation and exchange meeting. ". About 270 semiconductor lighting industry manufacturers on both sides of the strait exchanged ideas at the meeting and reached six consensuses on "co-developing industry standards" for future industrial cooperation. The industry generally expects that the above-mentioned cooperation direction will promote cross-strait cooperation to build a mutually beneficial and win-win semiconductor lighting industry chain, and promote cross-strait cooperation to build a global "green lighting production center." The six consensus reached at the meeting included:
1. Establishing a normalized industrial cooperation and exchange mechanism between the two sides of the strait. The two sides set up an action working group and held regular working meetings to jointly promote exchanges and cooperation projects. In the future, the "cross-strait LED lighting industry cooperation and exchange meeting" will be held annually, which will be held by the two sides in turn;
2. The two sides of the strait will jointly build an LED lighting industrial chain, optimize the industrial layout, and jointly participate in the pilot project of “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles†LED lighting, and jointly build LED lighting manufacturers with international brands;
3. Co-constructing the LED lighting industry alliance, conducting research and development of isomorphic technology, strengthening industrial strategy research and talent exchange, and establishing a cross-strait LED lighting information platform;
4. Co-construct a patent library for LED lighting, establish a reciprocal mechanism for intellectual property rights, and reach a consensus to achieve a win-win situation;
5. Establish cross-strait standardization working mechanisms, jointly develop LED lighting industry standards, and realize cooperation between the two sides of the LED lighting standardization organization;
6. Set up the LED lighting inspection and verification platform together, and carry out research on detection technology, test methods and testing equipment to achieve mutual recognition of test results.
Wu, suggesting that cross-strait cooperation does bring new opportunities for Taiwan's LED industry, but this is not a panacea. Taiwan should not be satisfied with it. Instead, it should overcome the existing problems and overcome it in the global LED industry. Stand firm. This article specifically suggests some suggestions:
I. Strengthening R&D and implementing technological autonomy: Taiwan's LED industry's surface revenue figures are very dazzling, but in fact patents and technologies are controlled by international big companies, and they need to pay a large amount of royalties each year, so they can only scale up production scale. Foundry. The government should get rid of the illusory output value goal, and should not reward the Taiwanese industry for desperately purchasing machinery and equipment, and abandoning the business model of blind expansion. Instead of encouraging industry players to carry out industrial R&D work and implement technology-rooted work, they can get rid of the shackles of European and Japanese LED manufacturers and establish a technology-independent LED industry.
Second, strengthen industrial integration: Taiwan's LED industry is very large, but the homogeneity is very high, mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, lack of key technologies, usually enter the model of the whole plant input, the international competitiveness is generally insufficient. It is suggested that the government should guide the integration of the LED industry, consolidate industrial resources and develop new technologies through mergers, in order to strengthen the international competitiveness of Taiwan LED. Even if it is impossible to rectify, the government should take the lead in setting up an industry alliance to gather industry R&D energy, jointly develop LED technology and develop new products.
Third, upgrade the Taiwanese equipment industry: As mentioned above, although Taiwan is already one of the leading manufacturers of LED industry, most of the equipment is still purchased overseas, especially for important key equipment (for example: epitaxial Equipment-Organic Metal Chemical Vapor Deposition System (MOCVD) equipment and process chemicals (such as key raw materials), Taiwan's LED equipment self-made rate is low. It is recommended that the government develop the LED industry and should not neglect to support Taiwan's LED equipment industry. On the one hand, Taiwanese companies should be encouraged to purchase machinery and equipment produced in Taiwan. On the other hand, it is necessary to gradually reduce the taxation and other benefits of imported foreign equipment to build Taiwan's independent equipment industry.
4. Strive to persuade the ten cities and cities. Business Opportunities: The mainland has recently actively promoted the lighting of LEDs, among which “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Cities†is the most influential program. It is planned to be in 20 pilot cities in 2009 (the first phase). Apply 1 million LED municipal lighting fixtures, among which LED municipal lighting fixtures not only include LED street lights for road lighting, but also public places such as tunnel lighting, subway car platform, underground parking and gas station. The second stage: 2010-2012, in The construction of 50 semiconductor lighting demonstration cities in China will be completed, and 2 million LED municipal lighting fixtures will be applied. The third phase: 2013~2015, semiconductor lighting enters 30% of general lighting, the city is often the largest in the global LED industry. Business opportunities, but in accordance with the experience of the development of emerging industries in the mainland, mainly to support their own enterprises, foreign businessmen have more limited opportunities. Therefore, it is hoped that with the power of the government, and the consultation with the other side, Taiwan manufacturers also have the opportunity to eat this green energy. Business.
Land, conclusion
LED lighting has replaced the traditional lighting equipment situation has been very clear, Taiwan's deep layout in this field has an irreplaceable position. In the future, we will strengthen cross-strait cooperation and strive for a comprehensive replacement of LED lighting business opportunities in the mainland, so that Taiwan's LED industry opportunities will flourish. However, Taiwan should continue to upgrade its technology and get rid of the dilemma of foreign businessmen as soon as possible.
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