Informatization, automation, networking, intelligence and flexibility have become the distinctive characteristics of modern manufacturing enterprises. At present, many domestic enterprises have adopted the ERP system, but the actual application effect is not ideal. The most important reason is the difficulty in collecting basic data of enterprises, and manual input of data often makes mistakes, resulting in obstacles to production and business activities.
At present, the production management module of the ERP system, production plans and processes can only reach the varieties or workshops. On-site management of production has always been in the state of black box operations, which can no longer meet today's complex and ever-changing competition needs. Therefore, how to make this black box operation transparent, find any problems that affect product quality and cost, improve the real-time and flexibility of the plan, and at the same time improve the operation efficiency of the production line has become a concern of every enterprise.
Radio frequency identification technology (RFID: Radio Frequency IdenTIficaTIon) can help companies achieve automatic real-time data collection, can provide real-time feedback on the production information of the workshop, strengthen the analysis and monitoring of the processing data, strengthen the production control of the workshop, and fully reflect the status information of the production process , Guide production effectively and quickly.
2. Application of RFID technology in modern manufacturing
2.1 RFID technology
RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It can automatically identify target objects and obtain relevant data through radio frequency signals. It can work in various harsh environments, can identify high-speed moving objects, and can simultaneously identify multiple tags. It is fast and convenient to operate. A typical RFID system consists of an electronic tag (Tag) and a reader / writer (Read / te Device).
RFID electronic tag is an integrated circuit IC chip with an antenna, data is stored on the IC, and the information on the tag communicates with the outside through radio frequency. There are many types of RFID electronic tags in terms of size, operation mode, and accuracy, and the costs vary greatly. Different types can be used first according to the needs of different companies.
The RFID reader is composed of one or more antennas that receive / transmit signals and a microprocessor that decodes the received signals. The processed data is connected to the ERP system host via a conventional cable or local wireless network WLEN. The RFID reader can be a mobile handheld terminal or a fixed terminal installed at a certain location, such as a factory entrance, a door to a warehouse, a shelf or a production line.
The working principle of the RFID system is shown in the figure: it can be seen from Figure 1 that the reader sends a radio frequency signal of a certain frequency through the antenna; when the tag enters the magnetic field, it generates an induced current to obtain energy, and sends its own code and other information to the reader; After the reader collects the information and decodes it, it sends the information / data to the host computer for processing.
2.2 RFID technology and traditional barcode technology
At present, the most widely used is the traditional bar code technology. In domestic manufacturing industry, 80% of enterprises use barcode technology for information transmission to varying degrees. In practical applications, due to the limited capacity of traditional barcodes, it must be visually contacted when information is transmitted. It needs to be manually modified and updated during the production process, which greatly reduces the efficiency of information transmission and reduces the production efficiency of enterprises. RFID technology can store more information in a smaller space. RFID electronic tag is equivalent to a portable database or data file, which truly realizes the description of materials and can travel with people, packaging, workpieces, documents, cards or tags. In addition, it has the characteristics of long life, large reading distance, encryption mechanism can be introduced, high reliability, error correction function, image data and multi-language text information.
Figure 1 Working principle of RFID system
RFID electronic tag information is sent and received via radio frequency. RFID does not require the visual link necessary for barcodes between objects and readers. Therefore, the identification and information storage process can be completed under the care of the Yuan people. RFID can be read through a variety of materials beyond packaging, shipping containers and metals. The information of multiple tags can be read simultaneously. The "non-contact" information collection method of RFID technology and the feature that the electronic tag acts as a "mobile information carrier" greatly increase the speed of information transmission, and effectively improve the production efficiency, market competitiveness and comprehensive competition of enterprises force.
2.3 Application of RFID technology in ERP system
2.3.1 Problems in the current ERP system
At present, some of the manufacturing enterprises that have implemented ERP in China are not ideal. One of the most important reasons is that it is very difficult for enterprises to collect production data in real time during the manufacturing process. If the production data is entered manually, it is often error-prone, and the real-time nature of the production data is also lost. If the ERP system runs on the basis of lack of accuracy and real-time data, it is difficult to use the ERP system to guide the real role of the enterprise's production and operation activities.
After the ERP or other application systems of the enterprise are completed and operated, basic data input and information collection become important and arduous tasks of the system. The data input method of the traditional information system generally includes three manual links: identification, cleaning and input. Recognition: check it against a list of pre-printed lists on a large number of actual parts labels, flow cards or certificates, and then count the number and record the results; clean up: organize the identification records into the format required by the information system , Can also be considered as the process of data conversion into information; recording: input into the system according to the interface provided by the information system, complete the data input. Such processes appear in large quantities in order entry, purchase storage, product storage, supporting storage, material flow and other processes. The ERP system itself cannot automatically recognize these job information, thus forming a gap between the ERP system logistics and information flow. To thoroughly solve the integration problem of logistics and information flow in ERP system, the best way is to apply advanced digital identification technology such as RFID technology.
2.3.2 The overall architecture of the integrated application of RFID technology and ERP system
According to the characteristics of ERP system, combined with advanced RFID technology, this paper proposes an integrated application solution of RFID technology and ERP system. Figure 2 is a system architecture diagram of the integrated application of RFID technology and ERP system. The figure shows the architecture of each level of the system, including the software platform and application module system, and the hardware platform on which the system depends. The software platform is the basic core component of the system, including a series of components that implement various core logics, and encapsulated into different component packages: scheduling strategy component package, interface development component package, production process model component package, WIP component package, SPC analysis Component package, equipment communication interface component package, ERP interface component package, RFID terminal component package. The application module system is built on the architecture of the software platform and the hardware platform to realize the specific management functions of the system, including: production process modeling, production planning and production management, on-site data collection, material tracking and query, work in progress tracking and query , Product life cycle archives, quality and performance analysis queries, Internet applications.
Figure 2 RFID technology and ERP system integration application system architecture diagram
2.3.3 The hardware platform integrating RFID technology with ERP system is the basis of system integration application. This hardware platform includes: RFID data integration terminal and communication method.
1) RFID data integration terminal RFID DCS terminal (reader)
It will be mainly installed in the production station of the production line, which is used to provide information about materials, products, equipment status and personnel information for the ERP system, and also provides two-way communication of operation information for specific operators. The RFID data integration terminal needs to meet the following requirements: the need for automatic collection: the ability to contactlessly and automatically collect materials, work in progress, work stations, personnel, etc .; the diversified needs of the data collection environment: the collection equipment and the collection terminal are required to be moisture-proof and Oil, lightning protection, electromagnetic interference, heat protection and other properties; the need for on-site data query of the application module: you can query the production plan, production process, product batch first-class information; Figure 2 RFID technology and ERP system integration application system architecture diagram Information input needs: equipment status information, processing quantity, processing status, quality information, etc.
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