**Definition of Smart Wearable Devices**
A smart wearable device, also known as a wearable or smart wearable, is an electronic gadget designed to be integrated into clothing or worn as accessories. These devices combine the functions of collecting, storing, transmitting, analyzing, and displaying information with everyday wear, such as clothing, hats, glasses, bracelets, watches, and shoes (Figure 1). They are characterized by their hardware capabilities, including computing, storage, and communication, and they incorporate advanced technologies like sensors, multimedia, and wireless connectivity. This integration makes them more portable and creates innovative user experiences.
**Classification of Smart Wearable Devices**
Currently, smart wearables are mainly classified based on application areas or core functions. According to IMS Research, they are widely used in four main fields: fitness and health, medical care, industrial and military applications, and entertainment and information. There are approximately 20 types of products in these categories (Table 1). From a functional perspective, they can be divided into three groups: life and health monitoring, information access, and sensory control (Table 2). Examples include fitness trackers, smartwatches, and gesture-controlled devices.
**Market Competition Landscape**
The smart wearable market is still in its early stages, with many companies entering the space since 2013. Companies like Google, Apple, Sony, Samsung, Fitbit, and Jawbone have launched various products, from smart glasses to smart shoes. In 2014, the market saw increased activity, with new products from Samsung, Sony, and Intel. The industry remains fragmented, with diverse product forms and no clear dominance. While wristbands and smartwatches dominated the market, other forms like smart shoes, gloves, and even jewelry were emerging. Market leaders like Fitbit and Samsung had strong positions, but competition was intense.
**Trends in Smart Wearables**
1. **Market Will Be Open**
Despite major players like Samsung and Fitbit, no single company has dominated the market yet. Apple and Google may soon enter, increasing competition. It’s unlikely the market will become monopolized quickly.
2. **Fitness Devices Will Stay Popular**
Fitness trackers and smartwristbands remain the most popular due to their ease of use and health monitoring features. As technology improves, future devices may offer more advanced functions like non-invasive glucose monitoring.
3. **More Brands Will Enter**
With companies like Qualcomm and Intel entering the market, we can expect more brands and products. Smaller startups and traditional manufacturers are also exploring this space.
4. **Design and Aesthetics Will Matter More**
Many current devices look too technical. Future models will likely focus on fashion, making wearables more stylish and appealing for daily use.
5. **Glasses and Watches Are Just the Start**
Beyond watches and glasses, wearables could take many other forms, such as clothing that changes color or devices that measure UV exposure.
6. **Integration with the Internet of Things (IoT)**
Wearables will connect with IoT devices, expanding their functionality. For example, a smartwatch could control a smart fridge, enhancing user experience.
7. **Devices Will Run Independently**
Most wearables currently rely on smartphones. Future models will operate independently, offering more convenience and flexibility.
8. **Prices Will Drop**
Early models were expensive, but as demand grows, prices are expected to decrease, making smart wearables more accessible.
Despite the growing popularity, the ecosystem for smart wearable apps is still fragmented. Developers face challenges creating apps for different platforms. However, killer apps in health and fitness are expected to drive adoption and further development in the market.
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