What are the precautions for home improvement circuit acceptance?

Home improvement projects involve a variety of complex tasks, and one of the most critical yet often overlooked aspects is the electrical circuit installation. Proper acceptance of the electrical system is essential to ensure safety, functionality, and long-term reliability. If not done correctly, it can lead to serious issues after moving in, such as power failures, short circuits, or even electrical hazards. Many homeowners tend to ignore the details of circuit acceptance because it seems too technical and complicated. However, understanding the basics is crucial, especially for those who are not familiar with electrical systems. From the distribution box to wiring connections, every part plays a role in the overall performance of the home's electrical network. One of the main concerns is that electrical work is a hidden project, meaning it’s not visible once completed. This makes it easy to overlook important details during installation. For instance, the wiring inside junction boxes, the layout of the main circuit breaker, and the color coding of wires all need to be carefully checked. The main circuit breaker should have proper overload, short-circuit, and leakage protection features, with a maximum leakage current of 30mA. These protections are vital to prevent accidents and ensure the safe operation of the entire electrical system. Different areas of the house—such as the kitchen, bathroom, and living room—require separate circuits. Air conditioning units, high-power appliances, and lighting systems each have their own specific wiring needs. It’s recommended to separate the power lines for sockets and lights to avoid overloading any single circuit. This not only improves efficiency but also enhances safety. All circuit breakers should be equipped with both overload and short-circuit protection. When a circuit is disconnected, both the live (L) and neutral (N) wires should be cut simultaneously to prevent damage to electrical devices. Each circuit should be protected independently so that a fault in one area doesn’t affect the rest of the house. Wiring should follow the design plan strictly. Any deviations should be clearly explained by the designer or construction supervisor. It’s not advisable for untrained workers to handle electrical installations, as this can lead to dangerous mistakes. The color codes for wires are standardized: red for live, blue for neutral, and yellow-green for ground. Consistent color coding throughout the house is essential for clarity and safety. In addition, the wiring should be installed inside conduits, except for sheathed cables on concrete ceilings. This protects the wires from damage and reduces the risk of electrical leaks. PVC pipes used for wiring should be at least 1.0mm thick to withstand accidental pressure. Mixing strong and weak electric wires in the same conduit is not recommended, as it can cause signal interference and pose a safety risk. Wire sizes also matter. Socket wires should be at least 2.5mm², while lamp and switch wires should be no less than 1.5mm². Using substandard or undersized wires can lead to overheating and potential fire hazards. Additionally, splash-proof sockets are necessary in bathrooms to prevent water-related accidents. Proper placement of switches and light fixtures is equally important. Switches should be installed at a height of around 1.3m from the floor, and they should not be placed behind doors. Lamp holders should be positioned near the ceiling keel for easier maintenance, and the length of the cable connecting them should not exceed 1 meter. Finally, electrical wiring in the ceiling should be covered with PVC pipes and securely fixed. Exposed wires are a major safety hazard and should be avoided. By following these guidelines, homeowners can ensure a safe, efficient, and well-organized electrical system in their newly renovated homes.

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